affirm vt.断言,坚持声称；证实,确认 verb (formal) to state firmly or publicly that sth is true or that you support sth strongly: [VN] Both sides affirmed their commitment to the ceasefire. ◆ The decision was affirmed by the Court of Appeal. ◆ [V that] I can affirm that no one will lose their job. [also V speech] affirmation noun [U, C]: She nodded her head in affirmation. allege vt.断言。

宣称。

硬说 verb [often passive] (formal) to state sth as a fact but without giving proof: [V (that)] The prosecution alleges (that) she was driving carelessly. ◆ [VN that] It is alleged that he mistreated the prisoners. ◆ [VN to inf] He is alleged to have mistreated the prisoners. Help Note: This pattern is only used in the passive. [VN] This procedure should be followed in cases where dishonesty has been alleged. [also V speech] alleged adjective [only before noun] (formal): the alleged attacker / victim / killer (= that sb says is one) ◆ the alleged attack / offence / incident (= that sb says has happened) ◆ The girl gave evidence in court against her alleged attacker. allegedly adverb: crimes allegedly committed during the war。